Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Official Publication of Innovative Education and Scientific Research Foundation


Volume 11, Issue 2, Year 2025
Editorial
Geographic atrophy- no longer an end game
Author details: Hannah Ranjee Williams, Abhishek A T M
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Review Article
Oculodermal melanocytosis: A comprehensive review
Author details: Akshat Sachdeva, Sumit Bhateja, Geetika Arora, Vaibhavi Bhargava, Abeer Hasan
Oculodermal melanocytosis or Nevus of Ota refers to the condition of skin melanocytosis observed in relation to the ophthalmic as well as maxillary branches of the fifth cranial nerve. The condition is seen most commonly on the face and manifests itself to be a brownish, bluish, or grayish discolore....
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Small incision cataract surgery (SICS) with nucleus fragmentation: A narrative review
Author details: Syed Ali Nasar Waris, Nandhakumar Chinnaiyan, Mohan Ram Kumar, R Deborah Rinita, Pratistha Rath, Rubina Huda
Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness globally, with a significant impact on aging populations. Small incision cataract surgery (SICS) with nucleus fragmentation has emerged as a viable alternative to phacoemulsification, particularly in resource-limited settings. This narrative review exa....
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Importance of visual skills assessment and training module implementation in sports academies: A review
Author details: Shankar Dass, Pooja Dogra, Digvijay Singh
This review article explores the significance of visual skills assessment and training module implementation in sports academies to enhance players' performance. to assess the application of visual skills, vision training, and how the different visual skills play important roles in athlete performan....
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Original Article
Prevalence of ocular manifestations in children with HIV/AIDS aged day 1-15 years in a Kolkata teaching hospital
Author details: Ayan Mitra, Shilpi Bose, Rinki Saha, Tulika Ghoshal, Mukul Chandra Bswas, Payal Manna, Arnab Pal
Background: AIDS is one of the dreadful diseases globally which can affect any organ of the body. Paediatric HIV is increasing day by day. Ocular manifestations make the management more difficult. Early diagnosis and intervention can reduce its morbidity. Ocular manifestations in paediatric populati....
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Evaluation of changes in anterior chamber parameters before and after Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure suspects using pentacam
Author details: Vidyadevi Mahadevappa, Drishya Sudev, Anuradha Appaji, Nandini Haugeppa, Sai Dheera Mulasthanam, Hima Bhatt
Background: Primary angle closure glaucoma is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure as a result of mechanical obstruction of the trabecular meshwork by either apposition of the peripheral iris to the trabecular meshwork or by a synechial closed angle. It carries a heavier risk of ocular mor....
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Correlation of structural and functional changes in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients based on visual field and optical coherence tomography
Author details: Krupali Raol, Ruchi Kabra, Ronak Bhanat, Riddhi Gajjar, Rajvi Mehta
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by an open anterior chamber angle, glaucomatous optic nerve head (ONH) changes, visual field (VF) defect, and an intraocular pressure (IOP) more than 21 mm Hg on more than one occasion. Aim & Objectives: Comparison of subjective and ob....
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Effects of ophthalmic laser procedures on corneal endothelium: A prospective study
Author details: Lohith Veerappa K G, Santosh Kumar, Sridhar Prasad Y P, N Maheshwara
Background: The endothelium of cornea is most essential for maintaining corneal transparency and deturgescence. Although laser procedures are relatively safe, there is potential for long-term risk of corneal decompensation. Hence, assessing the effect of various laser procedures and parameters on th....
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Demographic and clinical co-relations with outcomes of management of age-related cataract at a tertiary eye care centre in Western India
Author details: Garima Agrawa, Monika Prajapati
Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in India and globally. Modern day cataract surgeries promise great visual outcomes and early rehabilitation to the patients. A prospective, longitudinal, institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse the visual outcomes and su....
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Is neonatal anemia a risk factor in developing retinopathy of prematurity in premature babies: A prospective observational study in rural central India
Author details: Bodhraj Dukhbhajan Lal Dhawan, Ajab C Dhabarde, Vaishali B Dhawan, Nilesh Darvhekar
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature babies is mainly associated with lesser gestational age at birth and Low Birth weight. Anaemia in these babies is also known to be associated with higher risk of ROP. Aim: Present study aims to study the incidence of ROP in a rural Sick – ba....
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Effect of alprazolam 0.5 mg on patients’ experience of anxiety and pain during peribulbar block injections for cataract surgery
Author details: Bhawna Chawla, Manika Sharma, Kanav Gupta, B K Gupta
Background: Cataract surgery is one of the most common ophthalmic procedures, often performed under regional anaesthesia with a peribulbar block. Preoperative anxiety, prevalent among surgical patients, can adversely affect anaesthesia requirements, pain perception, and surgical outcomes. This study....
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Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) vs standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire for assessment of patient reported symptoms in dry eye disease
Author details: Padmavathi V, Sree Lakshmi Pallamreddy, Sandhya C. S
Background: Dry Eye Disease (DED) presents diagnostic challenges due to its multifactorial nature and variable symptoms. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires like the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) aid in assessing DED symp....
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Bacterial conjunctival flora and antimicrobial susceptibility profile in patients undergoing cataract surgery: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Author details: Shambhu Suman, Prakash Kumar, Archana Archana, Prem Shankar Patel, Mukesh Kumar
Background: Post-surgical endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is a devastating complication, owing to loss or worsening of vision. Gram-positive bacteria are the most common culprits. The present study aims to determine conjunctival flora in patients undergoing cataract surgery along with their a....
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Visual loss and ocular morbidity in tubercular uveitis with systemic correlation: Analysis in a tertiary multi-speciality hospital
Author details: Miriam Ankita Clement, Radha Annamalai, Muthayya Muthukumar
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) affects all ages resulting in morbidity in multiple organ systems. This study was performed to determine pattern of posterior uveitis, incidence of visual loss, role of aqueous humour analysis in systemic tuberculosis and its correlation with ocular and laboratory inves....
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The effect of hyaluronidase in peribulbar block during cataract surgery
Author details: Renu, Kanav Gupta, B K Gupta, Manika Sharma
Background: Peribulbar anaesthesia is the most popular choice for cataract surgeries. It provides globe akinesia, analgesia and muscle relaxation. The action of hyaluronidase was first described in 1936. Hyaluronidase is the most common additive to ocular anaesthesia. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that....
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Evaluation of the etiological factors in acute optic neuropathy
Author details: Surendra Singh Kanshana, Vivek Som, Kanchan Singh, Haresh Bansal, Harpal Singh, Sonika Gupta
Objectives: To evaluate the etiological factors in patients of acute optic neuropathy reporting to tertiary care centre and to assess the sensitivity of various tests for optic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: All the patients selected were subjected to detailed ocular examination which included....
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A study to evaluate the effect of Ripasudil on the intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma
Author details: Sugandhi Gauri, Gagandeep Kaur, Neha Sethi, Charu Chadha, Amit Jain, NR Gupta, Twinkle Gupta
Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by a progressive pattern of damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve ?ber layer (RNFL). The primary treatment modality is the drugs that either promote drainage of aqueous or reduce its production. A new class of drug, Rho-associated coile....
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A comprehensive approach to the critical care management of dry eye syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus
Author details: Sachitanand Singh, Aleena Saifi, Jyoti Mahawar, Mahima Pant, Niharika Negi, Renu Thakur
Background: Complaints of dry eye are common in diabetic patients with diabetes mellitus and can result in considerable discomfort and visual loss. The relationship between diabetes type, disease duration, and ocular surface remains unestablished. Aim & Objective: The purpose of the current study....
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A study to evaluate understanding, beliefs and behaviour pattern regarding eye donation among medical students at a tertiary teaching hospital in Western India
Author details: Hetaj Sheth, Kshama Popat, Satyam Kumar, Sejal Jain, Amit Shah
Background: 0.9% of the total blindness in India is attributable to corneal causes which can be treated by keratoplasty. Lower rates of eye donation are the major hurdle for doing keratoplasty. Gujarat is one of the leading states in India for eye donation and keratoplasty yet rates of eye donation....
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To study the relation between the clinical risk factors and age related macular degeneration
Author details: Fatima Munir Ahmed Munshi, Niharika Chaudhary, Monika Kapur, Sugourab Das, Vishnu Swarup Gupta
Background: Age related Macular Degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults with significant social and economic burden worldwide. We have discussed different types of ARMD- wet and dry, highlighting the modifiable risk factors that can significantly slow the disease....
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Should visual evoked potential be an essential protocol for amblyopia management? - A novel protocol
Author details: Siddharth Khanna, Naheed Akhtar, Mujahid Beg, Uroos Izhar
Background: Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder caused by abnormal visual input during early childhood, leading to impaired visual acuity. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) serve as an objective measure of visual pathway integrity, with P100 latency often prolonged in amblyopic eyes. Vita....
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Impact of LED vs fluorescent light on eye strain: A comparative study
Author details: Swatika Gupta, Kalaivani Kandasamy
Background: LEDs and fluorescent lights are widely used for their energy efficiency, but concerns exist regarding their impact on eye health, particularly eye strain and visual comfort. Aims and Objectives: To compare the impact of LED and fluorescent lighting on eye strain, visual performance, an....
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To compare peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in diabetes mellitus type ii with and without diabetic retinopathy with normal healthy individual
Author details: Shivani Kinha, Farhat Abrar, Nazia Jamal, Kriti Aditya
Background: The diabetic retina undergoes significant degenerative changes, particularly in the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), alongside notable vascular alterations. These changes include the loss of RNFL and modifications within the inner retina. Researchers have extensively studied the associa....
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Post-operative assesment of single subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate injection vs topical corticosteroid in cataract surgery: A prospective control study
Author details: Shristi Ahuja, Shifali Joshan, Priyangee Sen, Uday Beri
Background: Cataract surgery, one of the most successful surgery, depends on appropriate postoperative drug therapy. Subconjunctival injection of steroid preparation allows for better absorption and prolong availability. In comparison to topical drug therapy it has many fold advantages. Aim & Objec....
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Prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in elementary school students at coastal plain area of Nghe An province: A study in Viet Nam
Author details: Thang Tat Tran, Phong Duy Nguyen, Quynh Thi Thuy Nguyen, Dung Thuy Nguyen,, Huynh Sa Nguyen
Aim: To determine the prevalence of myopia in elementary school students in coastal areas and related factors Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on students at 5 primary schools in the coastal area. Total of 4305 students in grades 1 to 5 (aged 6 to 10 years old)....
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Comparing axial length measurements among optical, immersion, and applanation biometry: A cross-sectional study
Author details: Rishabh Sathya Shah, Varsha Nitin Kulkarni, Sanjiv Agrawal, Shivali Madhusudan Gadewar, Kalyani Ravindra Lohokare, Jaishnavi Devi Kommineni
Background: For optimal visual outcomes after cataract surgery, accurate preoperative intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation is crucial, with axial length being the most important biometric parameter. We aimed to compare axial length (AL) measurements obtained via optical, immersion, and applanati....
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Efficacy and safety of 1% pilocarpine eye drops in the treatment of presbyopia: A clinical evaluation
Author details: Prateek Maurya, Farhat Abrar, Nazia Jamal, Charu Jain
Background: Presbyopia is an age-related loss of near focusing ability due to reduced lens elasticity and ciliary muscle function, affecting over 1.8 billion people globally. While spectacles remain the primary correction method, they are often inconvenient. Surgical options exist but have limitatio....
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The impact of diabetic retinopathy on patients' quality of life: A comprehensive evaluation
Author details: Manveen Kaur Kukreja, Sonam Juneja, Anubha Bhatti, Saroj Bala, Brijesh Singla, Gursimranjeet Singh
Background: To assess the quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy using NEI-VFQ 25 questionnaire, with comparison to patients without DR. Aim & Objective: The Impact of Diabetic Retinopathy on patients' Quality of Life: A comprehensive evaluation. Materials and Methods: This prospect....
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An examination of the underlying causes of asthenopia in school-going children: A cross-sectional study
Author details: Nirmal Maity, Ashima Goyal, Renu Thakur, Navneet Sharma
Background: School-going children frequently report eye strain and headaches while reading or performing any near work. Aim: An investigation into the underlying elements that are responsible for asthenopia is the purpose of the present study. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectio....
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A study analysing the distribution and determinants of diabetic macular edema in a tertiary care centre
Author details: Priethikka Mohanarangam Selvakumaar, Deepthi Solasa, Subha L, Chandrasekaran B, Vikram Chellakumar, Balakrishnan M
Diabetic maculopathy is a significant cause of vision impairment in Diabetic retinopathy. This study aims to explore the relationship between the type of diabetic macular edema (DME) as determined by Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and various factors including age, gender, diabetic profile (fast....
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Case Series
Study of Asian blepharoplasty with concurrent ptosis correction by LPS plication: Our experiences in northeastern India
Author details: Nyai Ete, Kaling Darang, Tojum Gongo
Asian blepharoplasty is one of the most performed facial cosmetic procedures in northeastern India. Undiagnosed ptosis often goes unnoticed in many Asian blepharoplasty patients. To achieve proper symmetry, its essential to address ptosis simuntaneously during Asian blepharoplasty. In this study, th....
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Case Report
Ptosis correction with frontalis sling surgery in a patient with bilateral chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia: A case report
Author details: Yashi Bansal
Asian blepharoplasty is one of the most performed facial cosmetic procedures in northeastern India. Undiagnosed ptosis often goes unnoticed in many Asian blepharoplasty patients. To achieve proper symmetry, its essential to address ptosis simuntaneously during Asian blepharoplasty. In this study, th....
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Congenital hamartoma of RPE - The tumour that isn't
Author details: Harishkumar Aravindababu, Jefila Jayakumar, Kale Satya Geethika, Abhishek ATM
Congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium (CSHRPE) is a rare disease-causing vision loss due to a solid pigmented lesion within the macula. It is a benign condition that can cause significant visual loss and the entity is limited to retinal tissue. The aetiology is unknown, and t....
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A rare presentation of bilateral abducens nerve palsy with papilledema in tuberculous meningitis
Author details: Deekshanya J, Kale Satya Geethika, Hannah Ranjee Prasanth, Ramesh Kannan S
We present a classical case of a 30-year-old female who presented with bilateral abducens nerve palsy and papilledema. Her initial presentation was a holocranial headache for the past 20 days and restricted eye movements in both eyes for the past 10 days. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 6/9 in....
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A rare case of unilateral total ophthalmoplegia- Tolosa hunt syndrome
Author details: Shadakshari S Math, Gayatri R Gondhali, Rahul K
Tolosa hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare condition characterised by reversible painful ophthalmoplegia, episodic unilateral periorbital headache & paralysis of the 3rd, 4th &/or 6th cranial nerves which shows prompt response to steroids but can relapse & remit. Our patient is 23 years old female who pre....
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