Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Official Publication of Innovative Education and Scientific Research Foundation


Volume 11, Issue 3, Year 2025, No of articles 35
Editorial
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ophthalmology: unveiling the ultrastructure of the ocular surface
Author details: Mario Troisi, Salvatore Troisi, Daniela Marasco, Salvatore Del Prete, Ciro Costagliola
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Guest Editorial
The red reflex test: A simple tool to detect alarming pediatric eye disease
Author details: Vijitha S Vempuluru
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Review Article
Scoping review on the involvement of the ophthalmic branch (V1) in trigeminal neuralgia: systematic mapping and identification of research lacunae
Author details: Mayukh Pandit, Amit Parida, Priyanka Mohanty, Kanu Pandey, Lipsa Surovita
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neurovascular compression syndrome affecting the trigeminal nerve, with the ophthalmic branch (V1) involvement being less common but clinically significant. Clarifying the characteristics and clinical significance of V1 TN is essential for optimizing patient management....
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Non-healing corneal ulcers: Diagnostic approaches, and emerging therapeutic strategies
Author details: Subappratha Ashokan, K. Ezhil Vendhan, Aarthi K, Sindhu Elavarasan
Non-healing corneal ulcers, also referred to as refractory or persistent epithelial defects, represent a significant challenge in ophthalmic practice due to their complex etiology and resistance to conventional therapies. These ulcers arise from a multitude of infectious and non-infectious factors,....
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Original Article
Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in myopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Author details: Pavithra Jayamurthy, Bhagwati Wadwekar, Rajalakshmi Mahendran
Aims & Objective: To evaluate the correlation between peripapillary RNFL thickness and the severity of myopia. To determine the variations in peripapillary RNFL thickness with the age and duration of myopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Materials and Methods: Our study was a....
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To study the association of refractive errors, intraocular pressure with systemic blood pressure and BMI in the age group (11-20 years) in comparison with controls of similar age and gender group 
Author details: Aajay Dhanasekharan, Saswati Sen, Soumyakanta Mohanty
Background: Refractive errors, eye pressure (IOP), blood pressure, and body weight (BMI) are all closely connected and can affect both vision and overall health—especially during adolescence, a period of rapid growth. With more screen time and less outdoor activity, myopia is on the rise and often l....
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Changes in central macular thickness after uneventful phacoemulsification in diabetics and non-diabetics using normothermic and hypothermic balanced salt solution in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu
Author details: Vengateshwaran Rajendran, Premnath Gnaneswaran, Shruthi Devi Suresh, Shankar Chokkalingam, Adnan Mohamed Matheen
Background: Central macular thickness (CMT) may undergo significant changes after cataract surgery, particularly in diabetic individuals. The temperature of balanced salt solution (BSS) used during phacoemulsification may influence postoperative inflammatory response and macular changes.Aim and Obje....
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Occupational hazards and eye health: knowledge, risk, and preventive measures in the eye care of paramedical personnel
Author details: Salony Sreeya Pattnaik, Komal Sharma, Neha Yadav, Nandani Sharma, Umang Sain, Rohit Rathore, Vratika Arya
Background: Healthcare personnel who provide patient care run the risk of suffering occupational eye injuries as a result of their exposure to radiation, poisons, infectious agents, and mechanical dangers. Avoidable ocular morbidity is a result of junior staff members' inadequate training and poor a....
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Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations in road traffic accident: A hospital based study
Author details: Rajeshwari M, Rubina Huda, Mohan Ram Kumar, R Deborah Rinita, Syed Ali Nasar Waris, Himaja Singana, Thirupuraa V
Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) continue to remain a significant public health concern globally as well as locally, leading to various forms of trauma, often resulting in irreversible morbidity and in the worst cases, causing in death.Aim and Objective: The present study was aimed to provi....
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Ocular manifestations of dengue fever: A cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital in Northwestern Karnataka
Author details: Chethana Warad, Ruben Simon Roy, Meheeka Agarwal, Samjna Suresh, Veerappa Annasaheb Kothiwale
Background: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes of aedes family. Dengue fever has appeared as a global public health problem in the recent decades. Though dengue related ocular complications are not uncommon, they are often underreported. Dengue....
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A cross-sectional analytical study to assess the correlation of myopia with ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness
Author details: Ishwari Suhas Karve, Shubha Nagpal, Deepa Muzumdar
Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in varying grades of myopia and emmetropia, and assess their reliability as diagnostic markers for glaucoma in myopic individuals using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Materials....
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Unveiling the impact of refitting with new daily wear silicone hydrogel lenses on dryness and discomfort
Author details: Ankur Banik, Kumari Priyanka
Background: Contact lens wear offers convenient vision correction, but dryness and discomfort remain common, affecting ocular health and quality of life. This study aims to assess dryness and discomfort in symptomatic silicone hydrogel lens wearers and evaluate symptom improvement following refittin....
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Comparative evaluation of supra-brow single-stab and conventional fox-pentagon frontalis sling surgery
Author details: Himanto Nath Hazarika, Suranjana Chaliha Hazarika, Shibashis Deb, Garima Rani
Background: Ptosis is a condition that can impair vision and affect facial aesthetics. Diverse surgical techniques have been devised for its correction, of which conventional Fox-Pentagon technique is widely accepted for severe ptosis. Supra-brow Single-Stab (SBSS) technique has been devised recentl....
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To study the effect of short-term use of mobile phones on accommodation and convergence in adults
Author details: Satwinder Singh Insan, Rohan Kalita, Jaydevsinh D Pargara, Shubham Bhattacharya, Apsara Das Shreshtha, Rajesh Kumar Sah, Shivam Patel, Bonela Giridhar, Muppana Veera Venkata Rupasri, Sanam Magardaita
Background: With the advent of digital technology, mobile phone usage has surged dramatically, becoming an integral part of daily life. Prolonged screen exposure has been associated with visual strain, impacting key ocular functions such as accommodation and convergence. Understanding these effects....
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Diabetic retinopathy among newly diagnosed diabetics
Author details: Avin M Khushiramani, Yogendra G Vabale
Background: Diabetes is a major metabolic disorder affecting diverse populations. Approximately 415 million people worldwide have diabetes, a number expected to increase by 200% by 2030. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness.Aim and Objective: To estimate the prevalen....
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A cross-sectional study to assess the effect of tear substitutes on keratometric measurements in cataract patients with and without dry eyes
Author details: Amogha Uday Mahale, Deepa Vishwesh Muzumdar, Varsha Nitin Kulkarni, Jayshri Baswaraj Pandhre, Sanjiv Agrawal, Shivali Madhusudan Gadewar, Bhavana Bhanudas Survase
Background: In an era of premium IOLs and increase in patients’ visual demands after cataract surgery, it is important to ensure accurate IOL power calculation. The rising incidence of dry eyes poses a challenge to record accurate keratometric readings required for IOL power calculation. This study....
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Clinical evaluation of calcium dobesilate in diabetic retinopathy patients
Author details: Kriti Aditya, Farhat Abrar, Nazia Jamal, Shivani Kinha1
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes, characterized by retinal microvascular changes that can lead to vision loss. Calcium dobesilate, a vascular-regulating medication, may help manage DR by reducing inflammation and capillary permeability.Aim: This study aimed....
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To assess and compare the endothelial cell changes after cataract extraction by phacoemulsification and PCIOL implantation in type II diabetic patients versus age group matched non-diabetic patients
Author details: Abhishek Sagar, Ashok Rathi, Rajender Singh Chauhan, Gautam Jain, Sonam Gill, Yogesh Malik
Background: Diabetes mellitus–related metabolic alterations compromise corneal endothelial integrity and reduce its functional reserve, making diabetic eyes particularly susceptible to endothelial cell loss and morphological changes during phacoemulsification. This study evaluates these specular mic....
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Evaluation of dry eye disease: prevalence, associated factors, and treatment outcomes in a tertiary care hospital in north Karnataka
Author details: Kavita Salagar, Yashraj Jadhav
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent condition affecting individuals' quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of DED among patients attending Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital in Kalaburagi.Materials and Methods: A total of 101 outpatient....
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A hospital based retrospective comparative study of near vision following cataract surgery by phacoemulsification using hydrophilic monofocal intraocular lens and hydrophobic monofocal yellow intraocular lens
Author details: Rajeshkannan Rajagopal, Balasubramaniam Marimuthu, Sakthi Gnana Sundaram Natarajan, Subappratha Ashokan
Background: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard treatment for restoring vision. The choice between hydrophilic and hydrophobic monofocal yellow IOLs may influence postoperative near vision outcomes.Aim and Objectives: To study the efficacy and benefits of hydrop....
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Comparitive study on short term and long term ocular side effects of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Author details: Gandavarapu Asritha, Radhakrishnan Balasubramanyam, Anusha Annapureddy
Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a derivative of chloroquine, is widely used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite its therapeutic benefits, HCQ can cause ocular toxicity, particularly retinal damage, which can lead to irr....
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Assessment of knowledge of vision consequences and vision-related quality of life in head injury patients: A cross-sectional study
Author details: Poornamuki S, Premnath Gnaneswaran, Adnan Mohamed Matheen, Sruthi Guttikonda, Pratheekshaa Thirunavukkarasu
Background: Head injuries, including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and concussions can significantly impact vision and visual pathways, leading to visual symptoms and ocular motor dysfunction in post-concussion individuals due to neurophysiological changes.Aim and Objectives: The study assesses kn....
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A comparative study on surgically induced astigmatism in frown vs. chevron incision in manual small incision cataract surgery
Author details: Pratistha Rath, Mohan Ramkumar, Rubina Huda, Syed Ali Nasar Waris, Nandhakumar Chinnaiyan, Thirupuraa V, Rajeshwari Muthuswamy, Deborah Rinita
Background: Astigmatism is a common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, significantly affecting visual outcomes. In Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS), the incision type critically influences surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). Frown and chevron incisions, with their distin....
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Estimation of mean Nd: yag laser capsulotomy energy level for posterior capsular opacification- Our experience of 76 patients in rural setup
Author details: Manika Sharma, Bhawna Chawla, Kanav Gupta, B K Gupta
Background: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO), commonly known as "after cataract" or secondary cataract, is a frequent complication following cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. It occurs when lens epithelial cells proliferate, migrate, and transform into fibroblasts, lea....
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Influence of sociodemographic factors on parental awarness, attitude and practices in pediatric eye health – A questionaire based study
Author details: Pratheekshaa Thirunavukkarasu, Shankar Chokkalingam, Shinisha Paul Bravian, Sruthi Guttikonda, Poornamuki S
Background: Pediatric eye health is a crucial but often neglected aspect of child well-being, heavily influenced by parental awareness and practices. This study assessed these factors among parents in Chengalpattu district, exploring the impact of demographic and socioeconomic variables.Materials an....
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Effectiveness of HTS2 computer vision therapy for the treatment of non strabismic binocular vision disorders among young adults
Author details: Alpa ., DP Gupta, Rakesh Gupta
Background: Previous studies reported that non strabismic binocular vision anomalies are mainly associated with near work. These anomalies are mainly associated with symptoms which impact the daily living activities. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment for these conditions is main concern.Aim and Obj....
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Prevalence and demographic insight of uveitis in OPD patients at a tertiary eyecare centre of Uttarakhand
Author details: Mahesh Chandra, Govind Singh Titiyal, Jitendra Singh, Gaurav Dubey, Devanshi Mahesh Dalal, Ayush Jha, Satwinder Singh Insan
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, etiological and anatomical classifications, laterality, and associated risk factors of uveitis, with particular emphasis on gender distribution and hygiene-related influences. The objective was to highlight the significance of a multidiscip....
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Corneal endothelial changes in myopic adults: A cross-sectional study
Author details: Shivali Madhusudan Gadewar, Tejaswini Khandgave, Meghana Panse, Rishabh Shah, Taniya Roy, Amogha Mahale
Background:Myopia significantly impacts various ocular structures, with the corneal endothelium being one of the least studied aspects in past research. The Aim of this study is to analyse corneal endothelial cell parameters: Endothelial Cell Density (ECD), Hexagonality (HEX), Coefficient of Variati....
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Case Series
Ocular tuberculosis manifestation patients attending a tertiary care center
Author details: Rekha Rathnaiah
The objective is to determine the incidence of ocular manifestation of tuberculosis in a tertiary care center and to study different clinical manifestations of ocular tuberculosis for early and specific diagnosis. Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by M. tuberculosis (MTB) involving eye....
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Effect of topical nepafenac versus fluorometholone on macular thickness after Nd:YAG capsulotomy
Author details: Rimmi Jha, Ashish Chander, Priye Suman Rastogi, Bhavika Adlakha
Background: The most common complication following an uncomplicated cataract surgery is Posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Nd:YAG (Neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet) capsulotomy is a safe, non-invasive OPD based procedure to manage an intact PCO. Transient increase in macular thickness have be....
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Clinicopathological case series on ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a rural tertiary care centre 
Author details: Reena Sharma, Deepti Joshi, Neha Yadav, Vandana Yadav, Savita Agarwal
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a common malignancy globally, which affects the conjunctiva. It has a varied clinical spectrum and thus presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case series evaluates the clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and managemen....
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Case Report
Straatsma syndrome: A case report 
Author details: Ashwini G, Aditi Dhamgaye, Jyothis Chandy, Manjunath K R
The aim of our articleis to report a case of Straatsma syndrome, a rare disease characterized by characteristic triad of axial myopia, unilateral myelinated retinal nerve fibres and amblyopia. The patients will be usually asymptomatic, however few cases may present with significant visual abnormalit....
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Treating x-linked retinoschisis with topical dorzolamide: A case report from Jamnagar
Author details: Parth Prahladbhai Prajapati, Anurag Ekka
Eleven years old boy presented with complaint of dimnison of vision in school. On visual examination right eye best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/18 and left eye BCVA was 6/24.On fundoscopic examination patient had foveal schisis, noted as a spoke wheel pattern radiating from the fovea and a....
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Bilateral acute herpetic viral retinitis: A rare case report
Author details: Solasa Deepthi, Adhitya Ram Ganesh, Priethikka Mohanarangam Selvakumaar
Herpetic viral retinitis, which includes acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN), is a rare but devastating vision-threatening condition caused primarily by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterized by necrotizing retinitis, o....
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Unveiling the unseen: Disseminated cysticercosis with ocular involvement disguised as circinate retinopathy
Author details: Lavanya G, Venkatesan C, Sagaya Amitha C
Cysticercosis, a parasitic disease caused by Taenia solium is a major preventable public health issue in the developing countries. It occurs due to poor sanitation via feco-oral contamination. Neurocysticercosis is the most common manifestation and dissemination is rare. Ocular cysticercosis has var....
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