- Visibility 278 Views
- Downloads 272 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijceo.v.11.i.3.11
-
CrossMark
A cross-sectional analytical study to assess the correlation of myopia with ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness
- Author Details:
-
Ishwari Suhas Karve *
-
Shubha Nagpal
-
Deepa Muzumdar
Ishwari Suhas Karve *
Shubha Nagpal
Deepa Muzumdar
Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in varying grades of myopia and emmetropia, and assess their reliability as diagnostic markers for glaucoma in myopic individuals using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India (November 2022–January 2024), included 148 eyes from 59 myopic patients and 15 emmetropic controls. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including OCT scans to measure RNFL and GCC thickness. Myopes were categorized by spherical equivalent (Group A1: <-3D, A2: -3 to -6D, A3: >-6D) and axial length (Group B1: <23mm, B2: 23–24mm, B3: >24mm). Statistical analyses included Paired-T tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests (P<0.05).
Results: Significant RNFL thinning was observed in myopes compared to emmetropes, particularly in the temporal quadrant for mild myopes and in nasal/inferior quadrants for moderate and severe myopes. RNFL thickness negatively correlated with increasing myopia and axial length (P<0.05). Conversely, GCC thickness remained stable across all myopia grades and axial lengths, showing no significant correlation with spherical equivalent or axial length.
Conclusion: RNFL was reduced in all grades of myopia and axial length. GCC was not affected. This study effectively concludes that GCC is more reliable marker than RNFL thickness to assess glaucoma in myopes.
References
- Greene PR, Greene JM. Advanced myopia, prevalence and incidence analysis. Int Ophthalmol. 2018;38(2):869–74.
- Coleman AL, Brigatti L. The glaucomas. Minerva Med. 2001;92(5):365–79.
- Michels TC, Ivan O. Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2023;107(3):253–62.
- Jonas JB, Wang YX, Dong L, Panda-Jonas S. High myopia and glaucoma-like optic neuropathy. Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol. 2020;9(3):234–8.
- Chang RT, Singh K. Myopia and glaucoma: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24(2):96–101.
- Marcus MW, de Vries MM, Junoy Montolio FG, Jansonius NM. Myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(10):1989–94.
- Kim YK, Yoo BW, Jeoung JW, Kim HC, Kim HJ, Park KH. Glaucoma-diagnostic ability of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness difference across temporal raphe in highly myopic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(14):5856–63.
- Weinreb RN, Aung T, Medeiros FA. The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review. JAMA. 2014;311(18):1901–11.
- Kimura Y, Hangai M, Morooka S, Takayama K, Nakano N, Nukada M, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer defects in highly myopic eyes with early glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(10):6472–8.
- Poostchi A, Sharp JA, Baxter JM, Vernon SA. Myopia and open angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(9):1941.
- Sun MT, Tran M, Singh K, Chang R, Wang H, Sun Y. Glaucoma and myopia: diagnostic challenges. Biomolecules. 2023;13(3):562.
- Bennett AG, Rudnicka AR, Edgar DF. Improvements on Littmann’s method of determining the size of retinal features by fundus photography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1994;232(6):361–
- Morgan IG, French AN, Ashby RS, Guo X, Ding X, He M, et al. The epidemics of myopia: aetiology and prevention. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018;62:134–49.
- Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS, Sankaridurg P, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036–42.
- Saxena R, Vashist P, Tandon R, Pandey RM, Bhardawaj A, Gupta V, et al. Incidence and progression of myopia and associated factors in urban school children in Delhi: The North India myopia study (NIM Study). PLoS One [Internet]. 2017;12(12):e0189774.
- Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng CY. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta -analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(11):2081–90.
- Rosenberg LE. Glaucoma: Early detection and therapy for prevention of vision loss. Am Fam Physician. 1995;52(8):2289–98.
- Shoji T, Sato H, Ishida M, Takeuchi M, Chihara E. Assessment of glaucomatous changes in subjects with high myopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(2):1098–102.
- Varma R, Skaf M, Barron E. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal human eyes. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(12):2114–9.
- Cui D, Hou X, Li J, Qu X, Yu T, Song A. Relationship between peripapillary choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer in young people with myopia. J Int Med Res . 2021;49(7):3000605211032780.
- Park SM, Lee KB, Kim KN, Hwang YH. Reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell layer thickness measurements by optical coherence tomography in myopic eyes. J Glaucoma. 2021;30(9):834–8.
- Kang SH, Hong SW, Im SK, Lee SH, Ahn MD. Effect of myopia on the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer measured by Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(8):4075–83.
- Ganekal S, Sadhwini M, Kagathur S. Effect of myopia and optic disc area on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(7):1820–4.
- Seo S, Lee CE, Jeong JH, Park KH, Kim DM, Jeoung JW. Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness according to myopia and optic disc area: a quantitative and three- dimensional analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017;17(1):22.
- Porwal S, Nithyanandam S, Joseph M, Vasnaik AK. Correlation of axial length and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography in myopes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68(8):1584–6.
- Mishra A, Pattnaik L, Mishra S, Panigrahi PK, Mohanty S. Assessment of changes in optic disc parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in myopic patients and its correlation with axial length and degree of myopia. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022;70(12):4343–8.
- Michelessi M, Lucenteforte E, Oddone F, Brazzelli M, Parravano M, Franchi S, et al. Optic nerve head and fibre layer imaging for diagnosing glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2015(11):CD008803.pub2.
- Mossa EAM, Sayed KM, Mounir A, Ammar H. Corneal endothelium, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell complex, and perimetry measurements in normal eyes and those with primary open-angle glaucoma. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2022;11(2):85–91.