- Visibility 269 Views
- Downloads 286 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijceo.v.11.i.3.26
-
CrossMark
- Citation
Effectiveness of HTS2 computer vision therapy for the treatment of non strabismic binocular vision disorders among young adults
- Author Details:
-
Alpa . *
-
DP Gupta
-
Rakesh Gupta
Background: Previous studies reported that non strabismic binocular vision anomalies are mainly associated with near work. These anomalies are mainly associated with symptoms which impact the daily living activities. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment for these conditions is main concern.
Aim and Objective: To assess the effect of HTS2 computer vision therapy in young adults with convergence insufficiency (CI) and co-existing accommodative dysfunction.
Materials and Methods: This was a single center, prospective and experimental study. In this study, 25 subjects (age: 18-35 years) with combined (CI) and accommodative excess (n=18) or combined CI and AI (n=7) were diagnosed. Subjects were assigned to HTS2 vision therapy for 4 days per week for a period of one month. After one month of therapy, vergence parameters such as near exophoria, near point of convergence (NPC), near positive fusional vergence (PFV), vergence facility (VF) and accommodative parameters such as amplitude of accommodation (AA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative accommodation (PRA), monocular accommodative facility (MAF), accommodative response (MEM) and convergence insufficiency symptom survey questionnaire (CISS) scores using CISS V-15 questionnaire were recorded. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.
Results: At baseline, there was not statistically difference in mean values of vergence, accommodative parameters and CISS scores. After one month of therapy, there was statistically significant difference found in the mean values of vergence, accommodative parameters and CISS scores. (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: HTS2 vision therapy is found to be an effective treatment for improving vergence, accommodative function and alleviating the symptoms in the patients with CI and co-existing accommodative dysfunction and is recommended when in-office exercises is not possible.
References
- Darko-Takyi C, Owusu-Ansah A, Boampong F, Morny EK, Hammond F, Ocansey S. Convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS) scores are predictive of severity and number of clinical signs of convergence insufficiency in young adult Africans. J Optom. 2022;15(3):228–37.
- Singh A, Saxena V, Yadav S, Agrawal A, Ramawat A, Samanta R, et al. Comparison of home-based pencil push-up therapy and office- based orthoptic therapy in symptomatic patients of convergence insufficiency: a randomized controlled trial. Int Ophthalmol. 2021;41(4):1327–36.
- Nehad T, Salem T, Elmohamady MN. Combined office-based vergence therapy and home therapy system for convergence insufficiency in Egyptian children. Open Ophthalmol J. 2018;12:12–8.
- Aletaha M, Daneshvar F, Mosallaei M, Bagheri A, Khalili MR. Comparison of three vision therapy approaches for convergence insufficiency. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2018;13(3):307–14.
- Hussaindeen JR, Rakshit A, Singh NK, George R, Swaminathan M, Kapur S, et al. Prevalence of non-strabismic anomalies of binocular vision in Tamil Nadu: report 2 of BAND study. Clin Exp Optom. 2017;100(6):642–8.
- Wajuihian SO, Hansraj R. Accommodative anomalies in a sample of Black high school students in South Africa. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2016;23(5):316–23.
- Pang Y, Teitelbaum B, Krall J. Factors associated with base-in prism treatment outcomes for convergence insufficiency in symptomatic presbyopes. Clin Exp Optom. 2012;95(2):192–7.
- Mani R, Hussaindeen JR, Ramani KK. Effectiveness of vision therapy in the treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency: results from the pilot study. Sci J Med Vis Res Found. 2012;30(2):29–32.
- Tamhankar MA, Ying G, Volpe NJ. Effectiveness of prisms in the management of diplopia in patients due to diverse etiologies. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2012;49(4):222–8.
- Serna A, Rogers DL, McGregor ML, Golden RP, Bremer DL, Rogers GL. Treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency with a home-based computer orthoptic exercise program. J AAPOS. 2011;15(2):140–3
- Scheiman M, Cotter S, Kulp MT, Mitchell GL, Cooper J, Gallaway M, et al. Treatment of accommodative dysfunction in children: results from a randomized clinical trial. Optom Vis Sci. 2011;88(11):1343–52.
- Chase C, Tosha C, Borsting E, Ridder WH 3 rd . Visual discomfort and objective measures of static accommodation. Optom Vis Sci. 2009;86(7):883–9.
- Cooper J, Feldman J. Reduction in symptoms in binocular anomalies using computerized home therapy – HTS™. Optometry. 2009;80(9):481–6.
- Brautaset RL, Jennings AJM. Effects of orthoptic treatment on the CA/C and AC/A ratios in convergence insufficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(7):2876–80.
- Scheiman M, Mitchell GL, Cotter S, Kulp M, Cooper J, Rouse M, et al. A randomized clinical trial of vision therapy/orthoptics versus pencil push-ups for the treatment of convergence insufficiency in young adults. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82(7):583–95.
- Scheiman M, Mitchell GL, Cotter S, Cooper J, Kulp M, Rouse M, et al. A randomized clinical trial of treatments for convergence insufficiency in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(1):14–24.
- Scheiman M, Cooper J, Mitchell GL, de LP, Cotter S, Borsting E, et al. A survey of treatment modalities for convergence insufficiency. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79(3):151–7.
- Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical management of binocular vision: heterophoric, accommodative and eye movement disorders. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. p. 241–60.
- Lara F, Cacho P, García A, Megías R. General binocular disorders: prevalence in a clinic population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2001;21(1):70–4.
- Kushner BJ. Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia? Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117(5):638–42.
- Cooper J, Selenow A, Ciuffreda KJ, Feldman J, Faverty J, Hokoda SC, et al. Reduction of asthenopia in patients with convergence insufficiency after fusional vergence training. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1983;60(12):982–9.
- Caltrider N, Jampolsky A. Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology. 1983;90(10):1160–5.
- Cooper J, Duckman R. Convergence insufficiency: incidence, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Optom Assoc. 1978;49(6):673–80.
- Kushner BJ. Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia? Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117(5):638–42.
- Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group. The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2008;15(1):24–36.
- Wick B. Vision training for presbyopic non strabismic patients. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1977;54(4):244–7.
- Cohen AH, Soden R. Effectiveness of visual therapy for convergence insufficiencies for an adult population. J Am Optom Assoc. 1984;55(7):491–4.
- Grisham JD. Visual therapy results for convergence insufficiency: a literature review. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1988;65(6):448–54.
- Birnbaum MH, Soden R, Cohen AH. Efficacy of vision therapy for convergence insufficiency in an adult male population. J Am Optom Assoc. 1999;70(4):225–32.
- Shin HS, Park SC, Maples WC. Effectiveness of vision therapy for convergence dysfunctions and long-term stability after vision therapy. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011;31(2):180–9.
How to Cite This Article
Vancouver
. A, Gupta D, Gupta R. Effectiveness of HTS2 computer vision therapy for the treatment of non strabismic binocular vision disorders among young adults [Internet]. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 23];11(3):525-530. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.v.11.i.3.26
APA
., A., Gupta, D., Gupta, R. (2025). Effectiveness of HTS2 computer vision therapy for the treatment of non strabismic binocular vision disorders among young adults. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 11(3), 525-530. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.v.11.i.3.26
MLA
., Alpa, Gupta, DP, Gupta, Rakesh. "Effectiveness of HTS2 computer vision therapy for the treatment of non strabismic binocular vision disorders among young adults." Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol, vol. 11, no. 3, 2025, pp. 525-530. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.v.11.i.3.26
Chicago
., A., Gupta, D., Gupta, R.. "Effectiveness of HTS2 computer vision therapy for the treatment of non strabismic binocular vision disorders among young adults." Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 11, no. 3 (2025): 525-530. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.v.11.i.3.26