Prevalence and demographic insight of uveitis in OPD patients at a tertiary eyecare centre of Uttarakhand

• Author Details:   
• Mahesh Chandra
• Govind Singh Titiyal
• Jitendra Singh
• Gaurav Dubey ^*
• Devanshi Mahesh Dalal
• Ayush Jha
• Satwinder Singh Insan

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, etiological and anatomical classifications, laterality, and associated risk factors of uveitis, with particular emphasis on gender distribution and hygiene-related influences. The objective was to highlight the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing the diverse and potentially severe complications of uveitis, ranging from vision loss to enucleation.

Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study, conducted at the eye OPD of Dr. Sushila Tewari Government Hospital and Medical College in Haldwani, Uttarakhand, provides a comprehensive analysis of uveitis. It examined parameters such as demographics, aetiology, anatomy, clinical and pathological features, ocular laterality, hygiene, and ocular disease, excluding penetrating ocular injuries, corneal ulcers, intraocular surgeries, and masquerade syndromes. The sample size of 320 was observed from May 2023 to May 2024, including 125 male and 195 female participants. The study utilised percentage, mean, standard deviations, p-value (≤0.05) and chi-square test. Data were piled up in Microsoft Excel 2010 and evaluated using SPSS version 29.0.01.

Results: The study, conducted on over 320 patients, revealed that quadragenarian (41 to 50 years) adult females, 68 individuals (34.87%), are more susceptible to uveitis. The most common forms of the disease identified in females were idiopathic uveitis, 86 cases; (44.10%), anterior uveitis, 101 cases; (51.78%), the acute form 173 cases; (88.71%), and non-granulomatous uveitis, 169 cases; (86.60%), unilateral involvement was 153 cases; (78.46%). Additionally, for individuals having poor hygiene, 69 cases (61.60%) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of the disease.

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of gender-specific analysis and hygiene-related risk factors in uveitis management. The findings advocate for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary strategy to address the varying etiologies and complications of uveitis effectively, aiming to reduce its long-term visual and ocular morbidity. Nonetheless, continued research is essential to refine and optimise treatment strategies.