Global prevalence and risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Thirumagal Vaishnavi, Sruthi Swaminathan, Abhishek Babu J, Sanjeedh Ahamed, Jamila Hameed

DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.11351.1761133779

Keywords: Prevalence, Primary open-angle glaucoma, Risk Factors, Increased intraocular pressure.

Abstract: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a condition in which chronic progressive optic neuropathy occurs due to multiple risk factors, of which intra-ocular pressure plays a vital role. The disease manifests as progressive loss of vision, which is painless and irreversible. A timely diagnosis is the cornerstone for managing the condition to prevent vision loss. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to find out from the previous studies published from 2014 to 2025 to collect the prevalence and risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma for early diagnosis to prevent vision loss. A comprehensive literature search was done across databases like Scopus, Embase, and PubMed and finally ten relevant studies were selected. This review showed a vast variation across the studies in prevalence and risk factors from different parts of the globe. The overall average prevalence calculated from our review article was 23.8075 The significant risk factors include intraocular pressure at the time of disease presentation and the aging factor. Other factors like hypertension, family history, skin color, gender, high myopia, and diabetes also play significant roles. The key factor is mainly the early diagnosis to recognize the early rise of intraocular pressure and to prevent visual loss. The identification of the risk factors in the outpatient department can easily be done.