Comprehensive Analysis of Anterior and Posterior Segment Ocular Manifestations in Sickle Cell Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Odisha

• Anirudh Patra*

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background This study investigates the anterior and posterior segment ocular manifestations in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Western Odisha. Methods Conducted at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VSSIMSAR) from November 2018 to October 2020, the study involved 103 patients (204 eyes). The prevalence, clinical profiles, and demographic associations of ocular manifestations were assessed using advanced clinical and imaging techniques. Results The study highlighted a high prevalence of ocular morbidity in SCD patients, including cataract, glaucoma, and various forms of retinopathy. Anterior segment findings revealed conjunctival vessel abnormalities and iris atrophy. Posterior segment findings included retinal vessel tortuosity and proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR). The analysis underscored clinical diversity, with significant genotype-specific and age-related associations observed among the patients. Conclusion Routine ocular screenings and early interventions are crucial to mitigate the risks of severe vision impairment in SCD patients. The use of advanced imaging techniques aids in precise diagnosis, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Public health initiatives that promote awareness and genetic counseling are essential for the effective management of SCD-related ocular manifestations. This study provides critical insights into the ocular health of SCD patients, guiding future research and healthcare strategies to address these complexities comprehensively. By emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention, the findings aim to reduce the burden of ocular complications in this patient population.

Keywords

Sickle cell disease, ocular manifestations, proliferative sickle retinopathy, genotype-specific risks, cross-sectional study, Western Odisha, anterior segment abnormalities, posterior segment abnormalities, genetic counseling