Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): An Orphan disease

• Tushar Kant Singh,  
• Rakesh Sharma,  
• ZIAUL HAQ YASIR,*  
• Mukesh Kumar

Abstract

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a relatively new addition to the neurological, immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. MOGAD has now been identified as a separate entity from both MS and NMOSD. Recently, diagnostic criteria proposed by an international panel of experts highlight optic neuritis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), cerebral mono-focal or multifocal deficits, brainstem or cerebellar syndromes, and cerebral cortical encephalitis (often with seizures) as cardinal features of MOGAD. While patients with MS, MOGAD and NMOSD may present with similar clinical manifestations, such as optic neuritis and myelitis, those with MOGAD lack a clear sex predilection, and more commonly experience a monophasic course. The current estimated range of incidence in the pediatric population is 3.1 per 1 million, as compared to 1.6 and 2.39 per 1 million among adults. The clinical characteristics, Laboratory investigation and neuroimaging help prompt diagnosis and treatment Although the prognosis is generally favorable but severe residual disability can also occur. The present case therefore highlights the importance of creating awareness amongst the ophthalmologists regarding the importance of screening for this rather rare neurological disorder in cases of optic neuritis for timely intervention and better prognosis.

Keywords

Mogad disease,Optic neuritis,Demyelinating disease,Optic atrophy,Multiple sclerosis

Ahead of Print Date : 2024-03-27